Absorption Ratio Deep-Dive: PCA Eigenvalue Concentration as a Regime Signal
Publication Date: 18 May 2026 Classification: Observational Research — Not Investment Advice
1. What Is the Absorption Ratio?
The Absorption Ratio (AR) measures the fraction of total return variance in a portfolio that is explained by the top eigenvectors of the covariance matrix:
AR = Σλ(top 20%) / Σλ(all)A high AR indicates that a small number of risk factors drive the majority of portfolio variance — a signature of correlated, fragile markets.
2. PCA Mechanics
Principal Component Analysis decomposes the covariance matrix Σ into eigenvectors and eigenvalues:
Σ = Q Λ QᵀWhere Λ is a diagonal matrix of eigenvalues sorted in descending order. When markets are diverse, eigenvalues are spread across many components. When correlations converge — as in crisis regimes — eigenvalue mass concentrates in the top components, driving AR upward.
3. AR in the MVIE Composite
Within the composite:
MVIE = 0.40 × AR + 0.35 × IS + 0.25 × PDAR carries the highest weight (40%) because eigenvalue concentration is the most direct measure of systemic fragility. An AR Z-score above +2.0σ historically precedes regime transitions in observational sample data.
This document is produced by MVIE Pro for educational purposes only. Not investment advice.